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Instead of messing with your path selection a better strategy would be just run your own guard nodes that you trust a guard node is the first node that you connect to in a Tor circuit and to stick with them. Remember, de-anonymization attacks require the attacker to control both the guard node and the exit node at the same time. Once you do that though, you will always have to trust that node a little less than you could if it was walled-off so it would only serve you, just because it is another machine serving connections on the internet that will likely be targeted by adversaries who would benefit from turning many of the guard nodes into part of their Tor de-anonymization service.

So nobody except you knows. You will be spotted and identified pretty much instantly. Once you setup a guard node and it got enough reputation you will NOT be the only person using it. I think what GP was getting at is that your solution is not a global one. Not everyone can employ it. JasonFruit 35 days ago root parent next [—]. I use tor to update my machines, to generate noise, mostly.

Grab bag of questions: Does an attacker only need to control the guard and exit nodes, or the middle relay node s as well? If the latter, can you configure Tor to use more than one middle relay node, depending on your threat model? Could Tor do something like overlay a fixed-throughput circuit-switched network on top of the packet-switched network to prevent correlation attacks?

Obviously at the expensive of efficiency. Come on, guys No, only controlling the guard and exit nodes is necessary. Tor makes dozens of circuits in a typical use. You never stick to a single circuit. In the Tor Browser you have first party stream isolation so you get a different circuit and hence different middle and exit nodes for each first party domain that you visit.

Luckily Tor is set to keep the same guard relay basically forever so attacks are much easier. I believe the guard nodes get changed periodically but remain the same for weeks unless you clear the state. Front ends are getting more common around here. I like this change. If they reach mainstream, maybe websites will finally become more responsive. If they reach mainstream their backends will get blocked by the main site operators.

Do you mean that the service YouTube will block the operators of Invidious instances? If so, this already happens, thus the constantly-updated open source projects. If you meant something else, ignore me, haha. KAX17 also employed middle relays. There are also "sniper" DDoS attacks that can force an onion service to use your node as a guard.

I really wonder about the feasability of keeping onion service IPs globally secret. It may not be possible. I would certainly not stake my freedom on it. End user traffic to onion services is considerably harder to compromise, though.

Me either. KAX17 is visible. There are exceptionally well-resourced organizations with I think the motivation to unmask a seemingly target-rich collection of users, and the money and skill to simply infiltrate most relays, probably without being noticed.

The guards are most of the concern here. In such a situation the correlation should be pretty easy. While running exit nodes definitely seems undesirable due to the volume of abusive traffic that is likely to go through the exit node, I bet other kinds of relays would be a lot less cumbersome. I am interested. I have ran a node for years. I gave up running exit nodes because of mentioned abuse. It is very easy to run non exit nodes. It should be some state actor, since such activities are costly and wasteful.

It could be US, China or Russia. US to fight "terrorism" tax evasion , the later - their own critics and residents. Hetzner is German, which has actually strong privacy laws. In terms of coordination it is easier, but in terms of actually getting to the cooperation it is much more difficult than any alternatives you are likely to be using. Not having that great a grasp on tor, can i blacklist kax17 or otherwise avoid them somehow?

A tool which end users are discouraged from using. Tor relay trust is an unsolved problem. There are news coming from russian Twitter bloggers that Tor is blocked in Russia. Dmitry Bogatov, a Debian developer, famously spent time in jail for running a Tor exit node a few years back. Will apples upcoming vpn like service be vulnerable to this as well? No, Tor and a VPN are not compareable services. The ingress nodes are currently ran by Apple, the eggress nodes are ran by other providers, mostly Cloudfare, Akamai and Fastly.

You still have to trust Apple, but not because iCloud Private Relay is ran by Apple, but because the client is proprietary software running on a proprietary operating system that Apple has control of. As for correlation attacks from a 3rd party, they can be both easier and harder compared to Tor depending on the attacker.

However, for a local attacker that for whatever reason has visibility into the network hosting the circuit, they are easier since there are only two nodes in the circuit. And of course, for a government iCloud Private Relay would pose no problem whatsoever, since all operators are commercial entities and you need a paid account[1] to use iCloud Private Relay But even in that case, it requires the collusion of both the exit node provider and Apple to unmask you.

So it takes two national security letters to unmask you instead of one? Pretty much. What was the email address they were using? Medium was good when it started, then got overhauled by low quality; you can still find good content here and there. We have to use the indefinite article, "a hashtag," never Twitter users started using hashtags well before the Twitter platform automatically turned them into links. FWIW, as much as people love to rag on cryptocurrencies, I feel like this is where they shine.

Of course --as someone like me always shows up--I work on Orchid, a cryptocurrency market for bandwidth that is intended to support various use cases including those similar to Tor. However, for it to be expensive, they also need a way to make money running the nodes. In our case, people have to lock some money up in a shared pile in order to gain control over percentages of the directory, and what you get in return is that you randomly will get people using you to relay their traffic, for which they will pay you fees likely close to cost.

This is also the core of Ethereum: you want a decentralized database capable of transactions? OK, well, the order of operations matters as transactions can preclude the ability for later incompatible ones and so we need to limit the influence that any one operator has There is additionally often an inflation-based "rewards" component, in the case where not enough people are yet paying fees.

The reality is that, if you want to build a decentralized system, and you want to figure out how to make it hard for bad people to do bad things, you have to raise the cost of doing said bad things; but, to do that will require programmable money The adversaries mentioned in the article are highly sophisticated and seem to have access to a great amount of resources. They may be, and some would probably say they likely are, working for nation states. Given a situation where your adversary is a nation state, how does crypto fix anything?

Nation state wins. The article touches on trust models and personally I think it would be a better solution to introduce some kind of manual trust into the routing. For example, like the article suggests, if I could decide what nodes I trust as entry guards and so forth, any malicious actor could throw as much money as they want at the network. Yeah: as noted there, I agree that proof of work is probably immoral, but it happens to be a network that has already gotten big so we can start to analyze its ability to defend against "nation-state actors"; instead of that, what if it were 0.

How does proof of stake help defend end users against nation states? It sounds like it does the complete opposite. Imagine if the NSA had to own 0. If you needed 0. The amount needs to be a lot lower. Would you disagree? How do you solve that problem? Like, the premise in the "if you want to beat the NSA you have to go big" version of the argument is that you actually "went big": Tor is fundamentally at odds with itself because it simultaneously needs to be big for intrinsic reasons to ensure that algorithms like what XKeyscore was using--did you access Tor?

Instead, imagine a world where every time someone wanted a VPN or a TURN server or an HTTP cache or whatever, they considered using this shared decentralized market for bandwidth to build their client. In addition, a firewall and any of the best Brave VPNs that also work in any other app on an iPhone or iPad are available.

Credits can then be spent on a variety of services. Brave is a relatively new web browser but offers a complete product that balances simplicity and power with a focus on privacy and security. DuckDuckGo is not a browser in the traditional sense. Instead, there is a plugin for Chrome and Firefox that makes DuckDuckGo Privacy Essential the default search engine and blocks hidden trackers on websites.

DuckDuckGo, a prominent search engine that prioritizes anonymity, assigns a score based on how aggressively a visited website attempts to mine user data. Tabs and data can be deleted manually or automatically at the end of each session or a timer can be set to delete browsing history when inactive. The simplicity of the DuckDuckGo apps and browser extensions is appealing. A smart choice for maximum protection with the least work since only installation is required.

Released in , Epic was developed by Hidden Reflux using Chromium source code. Epic blocks cookies, advertisements and data-tracking site analytics services and uses DuckDuckGo as its default search engine. Users can set up the browser to prioritize convenience over privacy. Epic does not save links for autosuggestion when inputting an address. Epic is one of the safest browsers available. The sole disadvantage is that Epic is based on Chromium code and is not open-source.

Therefore, independence is not guaranteed. The Tor Project, a non-profit organization, is dedicated to providing everyone with private access to the unfiltered web. Based on Firefox, the Tor Browser was built in to anonymously access the internet through the Tor Network. The Tor Browser enables users to defend and maintain anonymity against monitoring, spying and restriction. More than a browser, the Tor Browser includes a comprehensive set of online security measures.

The browser contains all the standard capabilities such as tab browsing, enhanced privacy and security safeguards to keep users safe. The Tor Browser also restricts the type of background scripts and tracking technologies that sites can use. Fingerprinting, which is when advertisers try to identify a device across different sites, is disabled even if the Tor Browser cannot identify the user.

Private browsing is the default setting. Due to the extra encryption and anonymity features, the Tor Browser is significantly slower than other browsers but is one of the best web browsers for privacy which is why Tor is also probably among the most widely used web browsers among hackers. For decades, newspapers, radio and television were the primary sources of information. At present, many individuals use the internet to obtain news, weather predictions, cooking recipes, medical diagnoses, book reviews and more.

Additionally, the web is used to book flights, plan holidays, purchase and sell items and voice opinions—just a few of the many benefits of web browsers. Before the web, people had satisfied most of these informational demands through traditional methods.

Back then, there were several alternative means of sending and receiving information. Nowadays, everyone utilizes the internet and web browsers. Speed of delivery of information is one significant benefit. Therefore, web pages should swiftly load dynamic content like images and videos.

Another benefit is simplicity. A user interface allows consumers to focus on content rather than the browser. Navigating between pages and tabs is also made easy by various web browser features. Finally, since security is a persistent concern, browsers make an effort to protect users from malware, data breaches and leaks.

Other browsers suggest that anti-malware software that delivers real-time protection should be used in conjunction with browsers to ensure a PC is protected against malware. A typical web browser is a software application that allows users to connect to the internet to access online pages, videos, photos and other types of information. Today, any gadget that has the necessary connectivity can be web-enabled.

In addition, technological growth and the decreasing cost of hardware components have made adding connectivity to a device much easier and more affordable. As a result, web browsing is currently supported on various devices including desktops, laptops, mobile phones, tablets, smart TVs, game consoles and even wristwatches and home appliances. The beginning of the web browser was in The browser was initially dubbed WorldWideWeb but was eventually renamed Nexus to avoid confusion.

Nexus had relatively few functions and a non-interactive graphical user interface. Back then, there was no bookmark functionality available. Then, the second browser was released in when Marc Andreessen founded Mosaic which ultimately became Netscape. After that, Netscape Navigator came out in In terms of market share, Netscape was the most popular browser at the time.

The protocol used to access the location is specified in the URL prefix. Other frequently used prefixes include FTP: for File Transfer Protocol, which is used to download files or folders from an FTP server, file: for files stored locally on a storage device and mailto: for email applications such as Gmail. After locating and interpreting the resource, the browser displays the material to the user. Browsers can interpret and display various types of content including video, pictures, text, hyperlinks and XML files.

The main objective of a web browser is to collect internet data and make that data available to various users. It retrieves information from other parts of the web and displays it on your desktop or mobile device. A web browser can access any site and as soon as a URL is typed into a browser, the web server redirects the users.

The browser has plugins to execute Java applets and Flash content and facilitates internet surfing by allowing users to verify hyperlinks and swiftly retrieve vast amounts of information. In addition, browsers employ an internal cache to save data to open the same webpage numerous times without losing information.

Moreover, a web browser can be used for several pages to be open simultaneously. Web browsers offer a range of functionalities from simple text-based user interfaces with support for plain HTML to complex user interfaces for a wide variety of file formats and protocols. All major web browsers also support concurrent access to numerous websites, either in separate browser windows or in various tabs inside the same browser window.

Additionally, most modern browsers include an incremental find capability that enables users to search within a web page. In general, web browsers share the same user interface elements that provide the features below. Users access a wide variety of material through a web browser including entertainment websites, social media platforms and online commerce. Yes, privacy and security are important in a web browser. As internet users grow daily, so do the risks of being attacked by malware, spammers and other phishing activities.

Numerous web browsers include a private browsing mode that is intended to mask the surfing history of other users sharing the same computer. However, this is not always the case. To improve security, check out the 15 best Chrome extensions for and the 15 best Mozilla Firefox addons in Most of the best browsers include built-in security features.

Some are equipped with password managers and firewalls while others include an integrated VPN. Users employ additional security over standard web browsers because VPNs can limit local web usage while remaining anonymous. VPNs safeguard privacy and data by establishing a secure and encrypted data tunnel between the browser and a VPN server. That server then establishes a safe and encrypted connection with the destination website. As a result, the website cannot identify the user personally or determine the exact physical or IP address.

VPNs also safeguard personal data and ensure user security in the course of encryption. Other benefits of using a VPN include the ability to conceal private information, circumvent data limiting, avoid bandwidth throttling and access region-restricted services.